宮崎筠圃

詞書

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汗青記得事文眀（明）。
美悪秪（祗）緣身後名。
可惜桓温遺臭意。
還憐張翰擧杯情。
漢唐禮樂待人監。
班馬文章使世傾。
毎對史編培歎慨。
百年無作復斯生。

尚友堂小集賦讀史

署名

筠圃

読み下だし

英訳

Events recorded on bamboo slips, plainly to be seen.
Men's reputations based entirely on the name they left behind.
Such a shame that Huan Wen wished to leave an evil name;
And we admire Chang Han for his "wine-cup raising spirit."
The rites and music of Han and T'ang are there for all to see;
The writings of Pan Ku and Ssu-ma are revered by every age.
Whenever I read the histories I sigh over and over with regret --
For hundreds of years no one of their ilk has ever appeared again.

[A Poem on Reading History from A Small Collection of Poems from the Shōyūdō (The Hall for Befriending the Men of Antiquity)]

Line one: Bamboo slips, 汗青, which in ancient times were used for recording graphs, is a general term for written materials.

Line three: Huan Wen 桓温, tzu 公雅, 312 - 373, was a warrior of the Chin state said to have spent his late teenage years plotting to avenge his father Huan I's murder at the hands of Han Huang. He gained fame for killing the three sons of an official who had been responsible for ordering his father's murder. He is said to have boasted that he would rather achieve a bad reputation that would last a thousand years than a good one that would endure for a hundred. It is to this well-known remark that our text makes allusion.

Line four: Chang Han 張翰, tzu 季鷹, fl. third century A.D, was a poet and native of Sung-chiang in present-day Shanghai. He served under Ssu-ma Chiung, who was enfiefed as the Prince of Ch'i. Chang Han is known today for his legendary nostalgic attachment to his home. According to one anecdote, once when traveling to Loyang in autumn, on a day when the fall breezes were blowing, he suddenly recalled the watershield soup, wild rice, and sliced perch (collectively known in Japanese as junkōrokai, 蒪羮鱸膾) of his native Sung-chiang. At that very moment, he came to the realization that it is best to follow one's true wishes and desires rather than to venture forth to distant places in search of worldly fame and status. So he called for a palanquin to take him back to his native district, resigning his post on the spot.
　　The phrase 舉杯情, literally, "wine-cup raising spirit," may here be alluding to the independent, home-or pleasure-loving nature which led Chang Han to leave official service rather than to an actual habit of drinking wine, with which Chang Han is not generally identified.

Line five: The dates of the Han dynasty are 206 B.C. - A.D. 220; those of the T'ang, 618 - 907. The term "rites and music," reigaku 禮樂, refers to (1) the principles and rules of propriety, embracing modesty, courtesy, and reverence, which in traditional Chinese thought were seen as bringing order to society; and (2) the music which brings joy to life and is capable of exerting a civilizing influence upon humankind.

Line six: With reference to the item Pan-ma 班馬, Pan is Pan Ku 班固 (d.92), who drafted Han shu, (The History of the Han Dynasty), which after his death was finished by his sister Pan Chao 班昭 (Jp. Han Shō). The second element in the compound refers to Ssu-ma Ch'ien 司馬遷 (ca.145 B.C.- ca. 86 B.C.), famed compiler of the history Shih chi (Records of the Grand Historian).

Line eight: Alternatively, "In a hundred years no one of this kind will ever appear again." This line appears to allow various other possible interpretations, including the following: "In a hundred years such works (作) as these will never again appear," in reference to the great and moving historical works being read by the poet himself.

Afterword: This non-extant anthology appears to have been compiled in 1776 (Ozasa, Teiran, vol. 1, item 115 (Misaki Jō).

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